callback

Recognize asbestos, take measures, Disposing of asbestos

Starmix Batrix Vorteil - Cordless Control

The manufacture and use of asbestos has been banned for over 30 years due to its cancer-causing properties. Nevertheless, the topic is still topical and even more explosive than ever! This is not least due to the fact that materials containing asbestos were used up until the 1990s and can still be found in numerous buildings today. These buildings are currently facing refurbishment due to their age and asbestos is often used during this time.
You can find everything you need to know about asbestos here.

Protect yourself and your colleagues!

Find out now how to recognise, avoid and safely remove asbestos.


Asbest Faser an einer Pinzette

1. What is asbestos?

Asbestos is a material made of naturally occurring, fibre-like silicate minerals with a diameter of up to 2 micrometres, which has been used in greater quantities than almost any other material since 1930 due to its practical properties.

Asbestos is a group of six naturally occurring minerals that consist of long, thin fibres. Due to their properties, these minerals have a long history as a building material and have been used in many products, including some building materials such as insulation, fire blankets, pipes, flooring and even certain types of textiles.

In 1993, the use of asbestos was banned because it is clearly carcinogenic. However, as illnesses only occur several decades after exposure to asbestos dust, the risk posed by asbestos was underestimated for many years.


The six most important types of asbestos are chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite and actinolite. Chrysotile, also known as white asbestos, is the most commonly used form and has been used in a variety of products.


Why is asbestos so dangerous?

Asbestos consists of very fine fibres that can enter the lungs when inhaled and cause serious health problems such as asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma (soft tissue tumour). Such diseases can only occur years after exposure, which is why asbestos is considered one of the greatest preventable causes of occupational diseases. It is now known that asbestos dust is a proven carcinogenic hazardous substance.

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) in Geneva, asbestosis (lung/pelvic tumour) causes 100,000 asbestos-related deaths worldwide every year. The risk of contracting asbestos-related diseases depends on the level and duration of exposure and whether other harmful substances are present. Smoking, for example, increases the risk tenfold.

The average latency period (time between the first, more severe exposure and the onset of the disease) is around 38 years. In unfavourable cases, it can be as little as 10 years. The costs for recognised asbestos diseases amounted to over 420 million euros in 2009, which is around a third of the total benefit costs for occupational diseases!


2. Occurrence of asbestos and risk areas

Asbestos-containing materials were mainly used in houses built or renovated between 1930 and 1993. However, asbestos is also found in many products manufactured during this period.

In the past, a distinction was made between weakly and firmly bound asbestos products. It was assumed that weakly bound asbestos in particular posed a danger. Today we know that firmly bound asbestos also poses a risk.

Entfernung von Asbest mit einem Baustaubsauger

Asbestos has been processed into far more than 3,000 different products. A few examples:

  • Roof and facade panels, sanitary pipes, flower pots and other asbestos cement products
  • Lightweight building panels
  • Floor coverings (e.g. vinyl asbestos tiles, Floor Flex panels or cushion vinyl coverings)
  • Insulation materials for fire, heat and cold protection (e.g. for pipework), insulating materials
  • Roof waterproofing membranes, roofing felt/asbestos felt
  • Window and joint sealants
  • Seals/sealing cords in boilers or flue pipes
  • Night storage heaters
  • (Magnesia) screeds

It is less well known that asbestos can also be contained as an additive in the following products
  • plasters
  • levelling compounds
  • Floor and tile adhesives

TIP: Recognising asbestos

The date of manufacture or installation helps to identify possible asbestos exposure. The probability that asbestos (in the products mentioned above) was used before 1985 is very high. Exposure to asbestos products is likely between 1985 and 1995, as the bans on its manufacture and use were introduced gradually. The use of asbestos has been banned in Germany since 1995, and exposure to asbestos can be ruled out from this year onwards. In Europe, asbestos has only been banned since 2005. In many developing and newly industrialising countries, asbestos is not banned and continues to be used - usually in deliberate ignorance of its dangers.

Countries that continue to use asbestos include: China, Russia, India and Brazil.

A reliable determination is only possible through professional analyses and material samples! Suitable measuring and testing institutes, laboratories and publicly appointed experts can be found under the following link:

The unseen nightmare

Why craftsmen need to know about asbestos!


3. Hazards and consequences of asbestos

Asbestos becomes dangerous when fibres are released and inhaled. Therefore, all work involving mechanical means such as drilling, sawing, grinding, milling, breaking or crushing is dangerous.

So-called demolition, renovation and maintenance work (ASI work) must or may only be carried out by companies that have the necessary expertise as well as the personnel and safety requirements in accordance with legal regulations.

Asbestos-related deaths

Asbestosis and diseases of the pleura, lung and laryngeal cancer and malignant mesothelioma are the causes of deaths, particularly occupational deaths. Fig. 1 shows the relative proportions of the six occupational diseases with the highest number of deaths in 2017, with mesothelioma causing the most deaths (32 %), followed by asbestos-related lung cancer with the second largest proportion (23 %) and asbestosis in fifth place (7 %). Overall, asbestos-related diseases were responsible for 63% of all deaths due to an occupational disease. This trend has been relatively constant in recent years. It is expected to continue in the coming years.

Image: Overview of deaths as a result of an occupational disease (BK) (%), 2017 (Source: DGUV, www.baua.de; "National Asbestos Profile Germany" report - BAUA, 2020.) Overview of deaths as a result of an occupational disease (BK) (%), 2017 (Source: DGUV, www.dguv.de, 2019)

4. protective measures

If materials containing asbestos are removed improperly, the hazardous fibres can remain in the air long after the work has been completed. Special care must therefore be taken. As long as firmly bonded asbestos products are intact, there is no health risk from the release of asbestos fibres during normal use. However, if the materials are brittle, loose or broken, they must be removed by specialised companies in accordance with the applicable legal regulations.

WORK WITH ASBESTOS MAY ONLY BE CARRIED OUT BY TRAINED SPECIALIST PERSONNEL,

who have a corresponding authorisation from the competent authority and proof of expertise in accordance with the Technical Rule for Hazardous Substances 519. 

1. Analyse the material

In order to be able to take the right measures to protect people and the environment, you should first check whether materials containing asbestos are present before starting work. Asbestos cannot necessarily be recognised with the naked eye. In addition, many people do not know exactly where asbestos could be present.

2. Cordon off the area

The entire construction site area must be protected against access by unauthorised persons and marked (prohibition sign: "No access for unauthorised persons").


Tip:

It is often known that asbestos was used as sprayed asbestos or for roofs and façades, but it is less well known that plasters, fillers and tile adhesives can also contain asbestos. Reliable detection of asbestos fibres is therefore usually only possible through analysis. The "Guideline for asbestos investigation in preparation for work in and on older buildings"“ from the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health can provide assistance for those affected.

3. Wear suitable protective clothing

The protective measures vary depending on the asbestos fibre concentration (F/m³, asbestos fibres per cubic metre). The higher the concentration, the more or stricter protective clothing must be worn.


Protective mask::
With regard to the appropriate asbestos mask, there are the following requirements in accordance with TRGS 519:
  • At low concentration: asbestos concentration up to 100,000 F/m³: particle-filtering half masks (FFP2) for short-term work or half masks with P2 filter for long-term work or mask with blower and particle filter TMP1
  • At medium concentration: asbestos concentration up to 300,000 F/m³: particle-filtering half masks (FFP3) for short-term work or half masks with P3 filter for longer-term work or mask with blower and particle filter TMP2
  • At high concentrations: asbestos concentration above 300,000 F/m³: full face mask with blower and TMP3 filter
  • In case of very high concentration: asbestos concentration over 4,000,000 F/m³: use insulating equipment (e.g. when removing sprayed asbestos)

Other protective clothing:
  • Protective suit: Category 3, type 5/6, dispose of after completing the diagnosis. In case of moisture, additionally type 4 - hoover with H-filter.
  • Disposable gloves
  • Safety shoes and helmet (particularly important for diagnostics in demolition sites)
  • Safety glasses (important when sampling tile adhesive)

Protective suit for working with asbestos:
Use: : 
  • Clean thoroughly when work is interrupted (vacuum / wipe with a damp cloth)
  • Use of undersuit / functional underwear
  • Use shoe covers if necessary
  • Connect hand and foot protection dust-tight (mask with fabric tape)
  • Disposable protective suit
  • Dispose of protective suits every time you leave the asbestos-contaminated work area. Reusable protective suit
  • Only to be used if a disposable protective suit cannot be used
  • Must remain in a suitable (black) area during work interruptions
  • Must be collected in dust-tight, appropriately labelled, water-soluble containers and taken for cleaning; the laundry must be informed of the asbestos hazard. Cleaning is only permitted in suitable laundries.

Basic measures:

  • There must always be a supervisor on site to ensure that employees are instructed in the handling of asbestos, work equipment and protective clothing.
  • The number of employees and their working hours must be kept to a minimum.







Tip::

  • Do not work on materials containing asbestos without specialised knowledge!
  • Avoid dust formation and inhalation of released asbestos fibres at all costs!
  • Wear suitable protective equipment!
  • Commission a specialist company with expertise that knows which methods are suitable! For demolition and renovation work on weakly bound asbestos products, the specialist company must be authorised in accordance with TRGS 519. This does not apply to the use of tested and recognised low-emission methods.
  • Anyone who violates the restrictions on use or does not dispose of materials containing asbestos properly may be liable to prosecution.

5. Asbestos extraction

"What we can do for you is offer you the best possible vacuum cleaner that protects you"

In Germany, only H asbestos vacuum cleaners that fulfil the test requirements of dust class H with additional "asbestos" test in accordance with TRGS 519 may be used to vacuum up dust containing asbestos. With the additional test at an external testing institute, the vacuum cleaners are approved for vacuuming and extracting asbestos. They must also fulfil further requirements, such as dust-free disposal of the vacuumed material using a specially labelled plastic disposal bag. A type plate stating the air volume and weight as well as a clear reference to asbestos must be attached to the vacuum cleaner and the dust collection device. The devices must also be type-tested and authorised by the authorities or the statutory accident insurance institutions.

If asbestos is worked with in the commercial sector, a corresponding certificate of competence for activities involving asbestos is a basic requirement for the employees concerned.

Clean the vacuum cleaner after each use

Any residual dust in the entire work area must be removed by wiping all surfaces with a damp cloth. Finally, clean the inside and outside of the vacuum cleaner with a damp cloth, as it may only be removed from the danger zone after thorough cleaning.




Entsorgung und Absaugung von asbesthaltigen Abfällen

7. Disposal of asbestos according to TRGS 519

When disposing of waste containing asbestos, the national and regional waste disposal regulations must be observed. Weakly bound asbestos products may be disposed of by private individuals in Germany if the waste is packaged in accordance with the regulations of TRGS 519. Disposal can be carried out by authorised companies. Ideally, a specialised company is commissioned with the disposal, which has the necessary expertise and can take the necessary safety measures when removing and transporting filter bags, extraction materials, PE or disposal bags.

All items from the hazardous area that cannot be cleaned are considered hazardous waste and must be disposed of properly.

Improper handling may result in instruction, an initial warning usually without a fine, decommissioning and a fine as well as criminal proceedings in the event of intentional offences.


Protect what is important to you

Asbestos is a collective term for a group of naturally occurring fibrous minerals that were often used in building materials due to their heat resistance and strength.

If inhaled, asbestos fibres can lead to serious health problems, including lung cancer, mesothelioma and asbestosis. The fibres are so small that they can penetrate the lungs and cause long-term damage.

Asbestos can be found in various building materials, including insulation materials, roof tiles, floor tiles, spray plaster and pipe insulation. It was mainly used in buildings constructed before the 1990s.

An asbestos analysis can only be carried out by a specialist. Samples of the suspect materials are taken and analysed in a laboratory. It is important that no sampling is carried out without protective measures and expertise, as this can be dangerous.

If you suspect that your building contains asbestos, you should contact a certified asbestos inspector. Do not attempt to remove or disturb the material yourself as this may release the dangerous fibres.

Asbestos removal should always be carried out by a professional, licensed asbestos removal company. Unprofessional removal can lead to the release of asbestos fibres and poses a significant health risk.

The cost of asbestos removal varies depending on the extent of the work and the material involved. It is advisable to obtain several estimates from licensed asbestos removal companies to get an accurate price.

Professionals use special equipment and methods to minimise the release of asbestos fibres. This includes protective clothing, respirators, special extraction and filtration systems as well as sealing and safe disposal of the removed materials. When working with asbestos, only the use of a special asbestos vacuum cleaner with the additional qualification H-asbestos is permitted.

The removed asbestos is safely packaged and transported to special landfill sites that are authorised for the storage of hazardous waste. The entire process is carried out under strict legal regulations to protect the environment and people's health.